Radio pulse generator



` Dec. 30, 1947. w. D. HERSHBERGER I 2,4335758 l RADIO PULSE GENERATOR Filed Jan. 25, 1940 Fired.

' 55 ,J7 /\/47 s1 53 n/ up r L M0577* PULE PULSE PULSE v//Mv'ol? IMPL/MER MPL/HLW Mm/WER 5 9 VVzfZ-Ziam D.'Her6hberye r i (Ittorneg' Patented Dec. 30, 1947 2,75

RADIO PULSE GENERATOR v William D. Hershberger, Haddonfield, N. J., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware I Application January 25, 1940, Serial No. 315,601

, 6 Claims. `1 i This invention relatesto generators of radio frequency currents and more particularly to a generator for establishing extremely brief pulses of radio frequency energy..

A number of radio devices are operated by extremely brief Vpulses of radio frequency energy. These devices are used in signaling and in making measurements. One such measurementinvolves timing the interval between an outgoing pulse and receptionof the pulse after reflection from an object whose distance is to be measured. Since the velocity of radio wave propagation is known to be 300 meters per microsecond, the distance-the` wave travels may be indicated as av function of time. Thusif the time elapsing betweentransmission and reception is onetenthv microsecond, the Wave will have traveled 30 meters and, therefore, the distance to the Wavereflecting object willbe 1/2 of 30 meters or 15 meters. In theassumed example, it is desirableto prevent Voverlapping of the transmitted and reflected pulse'otherwise the time interval can not be measuredwith certainty.

`While `it is not difficult to obtain radio frequency pulse energy of a fewtenths of a microsecond duration, it is vdiiiicult to obtain pulses ofthe order 'of one tenth' and less microseconds. This 'diiiculty is due to a number of causes: first, it is diilicultv to build practical thermionic oscillators developing large amounts of power at ultra high frequencies; second, given practical ultra high.V frequency oscillators, it is diiiicult to startthe oscillations quickly; and third, the persistency of tunedcircuits makes quick starting and stopping of ultra high frequencyoscillations almost impossible when the circuits are connected to a conventional thermionic tubein a conventional manner.

A tuned circuit has reactive and resistive properties. The ratio of reactance to resistance is known as Q. Thelarger Q is made the less are the losses and the more persistent the oscillations; the lowerQ the greater the losses and the more damped the oscillations. If Q is high, quick starting andv stopping can not be realized in a conventional oscillator; if Q is low a conventional thermionic tube used in an oscillator circuit is unable to sustain or even start oscillations.

Y One of the objects of the invention is to provide means for generating radio frequency energy pulses of extremely short duration.

Another object is to provide means for shock exciting an ultra high frequency resonant circuit.

Another object is to provide means for applying a current pulse of extremely short duration 2 to a resonant circuit which generates a pulse of radio frequency energy.

An additional object is to provide means for generating pulses of radio frequency energy and for modulating the pulses so that they convey signal information.

The invention will be described by referring to the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a schematic circuit diagram .of one embodiment of the invention; Y

Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a modified pulse generator;

Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a modulator and pulse generator; and

.Figure 4 is a circuit diagram cf one form of pulse amplier.

Similar reference numbers will be used to' designate similar parts.

Referring to Fig. 1 a multivibrator I is connected to a plurality of cascaded pulse amplifiers 3, 5, 'l which will be described hereinafter. The output of the last pulse amplifier 1 is connected through a capacitor 9 to the grid and cathode electrodes of a thermionic tube Il. The anode and cathode of the tube II are connected to an oscillatory circuit which is preferably a quarter wave concentric line I3. The anode connection is made through a capacitor I5 to the inner conductor Il ofthe line. The outer conductor I9 is connected through a grounding plate 2| to the inner conductorand to the cathode.

The Ianode B supply is appliedto the anode electrode through a radio frequency choke coil 23. The grid is biased to cut off or beyond by a battery 25 which is connected to the grid by a choke coil 21 andto ground. The output circuit may be a mutually coupled loop 29, a capacity coupling or a conductive connection to the inner conductor I1. y

The circuit diagram of one suitable form of pulse amplifier is shown in Fig. 4. The input of the amplier tube 3| may include a transformer 33 Whose secondary 35 is connected to the control grid electrode and to the cathode electrode of the tube. The anode is'connected to an inductor 31 which may be shunted by a resistor 3Q.v The inductor is connected to the anode battery 4I. The screen grid electrode 'of the tube 3| is connected to the anode battery` The grid is biased to cut-01T by means of a battery 43. The output of the amplifier is connected to the input of succeeding stages by means of a capacitor 45, transformer or the like.

1 'Ihe operation of the system of Fig. 1 is as folows:

The multivibrator I applies currents of sawtooth wave form 41 which are differentiated and are applied as pulses 49 to the primary of the transformer 4 which connects the multivibrator to the input of the pulse amplier 3. The pulses 49 are reversed by the transformer action and thereby become positive pulses 5|. These positive pulses overcome the negative bias ofthe grid circuit of the amplier and permit surges of anode current to pass through the inductor of the pulse amplifier (Fig. Ll--reference numeral 31). The inductor differentiates (mathematically speaking) and derives a shortened pulse 53 which tends to oscillate but damping action*y of the inductor shunt resistor (or the resistance of the inductor itself) causeg` the oscillations to die out Very quickly. The positiveA peak of the `highly damped train of oscillations is applied tothe second pulse amplifier 5. The second pulse amplifier, like the first, shortens the applied pulse by differentiation. Thus, eachpulse amplifier shortens the pulse by differentiation and by selecting the upper portion of the rst positive peak of the damped wave train.` The pulses, shortened as to duration, may beilncreased as to amplitude by the amplifying action ofthe several cascade stages as indicated by the. output wave forms 55, 51.

The final output current from the pulse ampliier is of a duration of the order of a half cycle of the oscillatory circuit I3, which is to be. shock excited. This current is used to key the tube Il whose anode circuit applies a slug of current to the oscillatory circuit. The slug of current shock excites the tuned circuit I3, which proceeds to oscillate. The oscillations 59 die out, not rapidly as in the case of the deliberatelyr damped pulse amplifiers, but comparatively slowly at a rate determined mainly by the resistance of the tuned circuit and the load applied thereto by the antenna or utilization circuit 29. Because the tube II is biased to cutoff except during application of the slug current, it does not load the oscillatory circuit as was the case of the prior art shock devices.

Regeneration may be applied to increase the amplitude of the shock excited oscillations lor the easeY with which the oscillations may be excited. A circuit for establishing regeneration is shown in Fig. 2. The grid electrode 6I- is connected to a section 63 of the inner conductor which is included in an extended portion 65 of the concentric line tank circuit. The amount of regeneration" is determined by the Voltage derived from length of line between the grid connection and the ground plate 2|. The amount of regeneration should be less than that required to sustain oscillations.

The pulses of radio frequency energy may be modulated by employing a modulator as shown in Fig. 3. A signal sourceV 61 is connected to a modulator 69. The output of the modulator is applied to the anode of the thermionic tube H. The slugs of current applied to the oscillatorir circuit I3 will vary in amount in accordance with the applied modulation. The device, thus modulated, may be used simultaneously-to communicate voice or other tone signals and to measure distance. It will be observed that the circuit for regeneration has been included in the modulation circuit. It should be understood that the regenerative circuit may be omitted. In that case the modulation may be applied to the circuit of Fig. 1.

Thus, the invention has been described as a device or method of generating extremely short pulses of radio frequency energy. The pulses are measurement.

generated Without resorting to a conventional feedback or other form of thermionic oscillator. The method employed is based on shortening and amplifying pulses until the nal pulse is applied to shock-excite an oscillatory circuit. The applied pulses may be modulated to convey speech or like information. The pulses of radio frequency energy may be used to measure distance in accordance with applicants copending applicationSerial No. 196,587, filed March 18, 1938, for Antenna switching system, now Patent 2,189,- 549, issuedFebruary 6, 1940, although the use 0f the instant invention is not limited to distance Likewise the invention is not limited to a multivibrator as the initial pulse source, nor to the particular type of pulse amplifiers, nor to a concentric line tank circuit.

I claim as my invention.:v

1. vA radio frequency pulsej generator including a source ofvariable current, means for deriving pulses of current from said variable current, an

.. oscillatory circuit consisting of a resonant line havingV a higher Q, in which Q is theratio of reactance to resistance, than Would be realized with a circuit having lumped inductance and, capacitance, and means for applying slugs of current to shock excite said oscillatory lcircuit to develop oscillatory currents ofV a frequency independent of the repetitionrate of said slugs of current.

2. Aradio frequency pulse generator including an oscillatory circuit consisting of a resonant line having a higher Q, in .which Q is the ratio of reactance to resistance, than would be. realized with a circuit having lumped inductance and capacitancea thermionic tube having input and output circuits, a keyer for generating positive pulses, means connecting said output circuit to said oscillatory circuit and input circuit to said keyer, and means for biasing said tube to cutoff so that said positive pulses applied to said tube input circuit cause slugs of anode current to be applied through said output circuit to said oscillatory circuit to develop oscillatory currents of a frequency independent of the repetition rate of said slugs of current. Y

3. A radio frequency pulse generator of the character of claim 2 including a connection for applying regeneratively currents to said input circuit to increase the radio frequency output and the ease of excitation of said radio frequency pulse generator.

4. A radio frequency pulse generator of the character of claim 2 including means for applying modulation currents to said thermionic tube to modulate the radio frequency currents produced in said device.

5. A radio frequency pulse generator including in combination` an oscillatory circuit consisting of a resonant line having a higher Q, in which Q is the ratio ofreactance to resistance, than would be realized with a circuit having lumped inductance and capacitance, a pulse amplifier,

thermionic tube having its output circuit connected to said oscillatory circuit and its input circuit connected to said pulse amplifier, means for biasing said tube to cutol so that pulses from said amplifier cause anode current to be applied to said oscillatory circuit for an extremely brief interval to shock excite said oscillatory circuit to develop oscillatory currents of a frequency independent of the repetition rate of said slugs of current.

6. A device of the character of claim 5 in which 6 said pulse amplifier is preceded by a plurality of UNITED STATES PATENTS pulse amplifiers and in which each of the plu- Number Name Date rality of pulse amplifiers is arranged to shorten 1 908 249 Hund May 9 1933 the duration of the pulses applied from the pre- 1695042 Fearing "bec 11 1928 ceding pulse amplifier so that pulses of extremely 5 1934574 VOS N6 7 1933 Short durano are estabhshei 2,181,568 Kotowski et a1. Nov. 2s, 1939 2,103,090 Plebanski Dec. 21, 1937 WUMAM D- HERSHBERGER 2,118,977 Lewis May 31, 193s REFERENCES CITED 10 OTHER REFERENCES The following references are of record 1n the Communication Engineering, by Everitt, Pub.

le of this patent: by McGraw H111 Co., 1937, pages 530-531. 

